Li, Yan-Ruide https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9858-300X
Shen, Xinyuan
Chen, Yuning
Zhu, Yichen
Huang, Jie
Oliai, Caspian
Yang, Lili https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-0404
Funding for this research was provided by:
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (DISC2-11157)
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (DISC2-13015)
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (TRAN1-12250)
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (TRAN1-16050)
UC | University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA MIMG M. John Pickett Post-Doctoral Fellow Award)
UC | University of California, Los Angeles (CIRM-BSCRC Postdoctoral Fellowship)
UC | University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA Sydney Finegold Postdoctoral Award)
UC | University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA Chancellor’s Award for Postdoctoral Research)
UC | University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center Collaborative Research Fellowship Award)
Article History
Received: 13 November 2025
Revised: 29 January 2026
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 26 March 2026
Competing interests
: LY is a scientific advisor to AlzChem and Amberstone Biosciences, and a co-founder, stockholder, and advisory board member of Appia Bio. None of the declared companies contributed to or directed any of the research reported in this article. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with approved guidelines from the University of California, Los Angeles (Reference: BUA-2019-083-017-A). Animal studies were conducted under protocols approved by the UCLA Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine (ARC#2013-054). Healthy donor PBMCs were obtained from the UCLA/CFAR Virology Core Laboratory and HemaCare under informed consent and in compliance with federal and state regulations; no identifying information was provided.