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Authors
Bhatia, Smita https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7755-5683
Hageman, Lindsey
Chen, Yanjun
Wadhwa, Aman
Wong, F. Lennie
McQuaid, Elizabeth L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9573-3781
Freyer, David R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5280-990X
Mba, Nkechi
Aristizabal, Paula
Raetz, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-1658
Landier, Wendy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3319-5652
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R01CA174683)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (U10CA098543)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (U10CA098413)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (U10CA095861)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (U10CA180886)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (U10CA180899)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (UG1CA189955)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R01CA174683)
St. Baldrick's Foundation (No number)
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Article History
Received: 6 November 2025
Revised: 5 March 2026
Accepted: 27 March 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Approval for the Children’s Oncology Group ACCL1033 trial was obtained from the Pediatric Central Institutional Review Board of the National Cancer Institute, by the University of Alabama at Birmingham Institutional Review Board (IRB-120904013), and by institutional review boards at all participating institutions. Written informed consent/assent was obtained from participants and/or parents. All procedures adhered to relevant institutional and governmental guidelines and regulations.
