Document is current

Article History

Received: 15 May 2026

Revised: 28 August 2026

Accepted: 15 September 2026

First Online: 2 October 2026

Ethics

Competing interests: CUN reports research funding from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, Novo Nordisk Foundation, and Octapharma; and served as a consultant for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, CSL Behring, Eli Lilly, Genmab, Johnson & Johnson, MSD, Octapharma, Synamics Therapeutics, and Takeda. TM reports advisory boards for AbbVie, Alexion, AstraZeneca, Gilead, Johnson & Johnson, and Morphosys; and honoraria from AbbVie, Alexion, Apellis, AstraZeneca, Gilead, Johnson & Johnson, and Novartis. CO reports advisory boards, consultancy, and honoraria from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Incyte, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Roche, Seattle Genetics, and Servier; and speaking engagements for AbbVie and AstraZeneca. GF reports consultancy for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Roche, and Takeda. J-ÁH-R reports scientific talks for AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, BMS-Celgene, Gilead, Johnson & Johnson, Lilly, Roche, and Takeda; advisory boards for AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, BMS-Celgene, Gilead, Incyte, Johnson & Johnson, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Lilly, MSD, Roche, Rovi, and Takeda; and grant/research support from BMS (Celgene). OB reports no conflicts of interest. A.J. reports advisory boards, consultancy, and/or speaker for AbbVie, Amgen, Argenx, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, MSD, Novartis, Sobi, and Takeda; and travel expenses from AbbVie and AstraZeneca. M-DL reports advisory board and travel expenses from AbbVie, Johnson & Johnson, and Roche. T.R. reports research funding from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Johnson & Johnson, and Lilly; and advisory boards for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, and Johnson & Johnson. MS reports consultancies, honoraria, travel grants, and advisory boards for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, and Johnson & Johnson; advisory board for Swixx Pharma; and travel grants from Eli Lilly. SV reports speaker fees and nonfinancial support from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, and Takeda; and serving as an investigator for clinical trials for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, and Takeda. VV reports advisory boards and lecturing for AbbVie, Biocad, Johnson & Johnson, Roche, Sanofi, and Takeda; and lecturing for Astellas, AstraZeneca, and Novartis. LY reports as advisory board and research grants from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Bristol Myers Squibb, Johnson & Johnson, and Roche. NS and CK are employees of Johnson & Johnson. KB, NT, and BL are employees of Johnson & Johnson and have stock options. BL is also a stockholder in a portfolio that at times includes other pharmaceutical and health care-related companies. APK reports advisory boards, research collaborations, and research support from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genmab, Johnson & Johnson, LAVA, and Roche/Genentech; steering committees for AstraZeneca, Genmab, Johnson & Johnson, LAVA, and Roche/Genentech; and speaker fees from AbbVie.