Liao, Jie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2333-1454
Adolphson, Maxwell
Li, Hangyue
Sikder, Dipayon Kumar https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6900-1372
Lu, Chenyang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1709-6769
Yang, Lan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9052-0450
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chan Zuckerberg Initiative; McKelvey School of Engineering, AI for Health Institute from Washington University in St. Louis
Article History
Received: 16 October 2024
Revised: 8 June 2025
Accepted: 22 July 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Conflict of interest
: L.Y. is a co-founder of DeepSight Technology, Inc., and has an equity interest in the company. She also serves as the chief technology officer of the company. C.L. also has an equity interest in DeepSight Technology, Inc. The other authors declare no competing interests.