Jeong, Woo Hyeon
Ye, Junzhi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8919-9236
Kim, Jongbeom https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4931-1950
Xu, Rui
Shen, Xinyu
Chang, Chia-Yu
Quinn, Eilidh L. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4340-2277
Ahn, Hyungju
Song, Myoung Hoon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8106-7332
Nellist, Peter D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5883-6463
Snaith, Henry J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8511-790X
Zhang, Yunwei
Lee, Bo Ram https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4670-6717
Hoye, Robert L. Z. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7675-0065
Funding for this research was provided by:
RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/X022900/1)
RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/S023828/1)
Royal Academy of Engineering (RCSRF2324-18-68)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12304036)
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2022R1A2C4002248)
National Research Foundation of Korea (2021M3H4A1A02049006)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2025-00516815)
Article History
Received: 12 April 2025
Revised: 23 October 2025
Accepted: 12 November 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Conflict of interest
: The authors declare no competing interests.