Zhong, Fenghe
Wang, Zhuoying
Lee, Youngseop https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1978-3431
Han, Jiaxiao
Sun, Naidi
Yang, Shuo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9085-5085
Ji, Shengyun
Zhang, Hao F. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5089-1196
Sun, Cheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2744-0896
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NS099261, NS120481, NS125677, AG079503)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (P41GM135018)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (P41GM135018)
National Science Foundation (202988)
Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Frontiers of Imaging Award
Article History
Received: 13 October 2025
Revised: 2 February 2026
Accepted: 8 February 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Conflict of interest
: H.F.Z. and C.S. have financial interests in Opticent Inc., which did not support this work. All other authors declare no competing interests.