Ngan, Kinfung
Choi, Yeeun
Chang, Chun-Chieh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3728-2454
Kang, Dongyeon Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7778-3195
Sun, Shuo https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9196-8905
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (2317149)
National Science Foundation (2443684)
National Science Foundation (2503230)
W. M. Keck Foundation
Sloan Research Fellowship
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2022-NR068818)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2025-25445839)
Institute for Information & Communication Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant
Article History
Received: 31 December 2025
Revised: 29 April 2026
Accepted: 4 May 2026
First Online: 15 July 2026
Ethics
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests.