Peng, Kai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6437-0516
Moon, Jiyoung
Meng, Yilin
Goudarzi, Kiyanoush
Li, Wei
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (DMR-2414131)
National Science Foundation (ECCS-2209871)
National Science Foundation (ECCS-2240448)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N00014-24-1-2412)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N00014-22-1-2322)
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Office (W911NF2410375)
Article History
Received: 2 September 2025
Revised: 3 May 2026
Accepted: 17 May 2026
First Online: 27 May 2026
Conflict of interest
: The authors declare no competing interests.