Holmes, Sophie E. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4929-1932
Finnema, Sjoerd J.
Naganawa, Mika
DellaGioia, Nicole
Holden, Daniel
Fowles, Krista
Davis, Margaret
Ropchan, Jim
Emory, Paul
Ye, Yunpeng
Nabulsi, Nabeel http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8129-0051
Matuskey, David http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7508-6572
Angarita, Gustavo A.
Pietrzak, Robert H.
Duman, Ronald S. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8690-8439
Sanacora, Gerard
Krystal, John H. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6952-1726
Carson, Richard E. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9338-7966
Esterlis, Irina http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6293-1458
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR001863)
Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (NA)
Nancy Taylor Foundation for Chronic Diseases (NA)
Article History
Received: 12 February 2021
Revised: 11 January 2022
Accepted: 26 January 2022
First Online: 15 February 2022
Competing interests
: Dr. Krystal acknowledges the following relevant financial interests. He is a co-sponsor of a patent for the intranasal administration of ketamine for the treatment of depression that was licensed by Janssen Pharmaceuticals, the maker of s-ketamine. He has a patent related to the use of riluzole to treat anxiety disorders that were licensed by Biohaven Pharmaceuticals Medical Sciences. He has stock or stock options in Biohaven Pharmaceuticals Medical Sciences, Sage Pharmaceuticals, Spring Care Inc., EpiVario Inc., Neumora Therapeutics Inc., Terran Biosciences Inc., and Tempero Bio, Inc. He consults broadly to the pharmaceutical industry, but his annual income over the past year did not exceed $5000 for any organization. He receives over $5000 in income from the Society of Biological Psychiatry for editing the journal Biological Psychiatry. Dr. Gerard Sanacora has served as consultant to Allergan, Alkermes, AstraZeneca, Avanier Pharmaceuticals, Axsome Therapeutics, Biogen, Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cowen, EMA Wellness, Engrail Therapeutics, Clexio, Denovo Biopharma, Gilgamesh, Hoffman La-Roche, Intra-Cellular Therapies, Janssen, Levo, Lundbeck, Merck, Navitor Pharmaceuticals, Neurocrine, Novartis, Noven Pharmaceuticals, Otsuka, Perception Neuroscience, Praxis Therapeutics, Sage Pharmaceuticals, Servier Pharmaceuticals, Seelos Pharmaceuticals, Taisho Pharmaceuticals, Teva, Valeant, Vistagen Therapeutics, and XW Labs; and received research contracts from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Naurex, and Usona over the past 36 months. Dr. Sanacora holds equity in BioHaven Pharmaceuticals and is a co-inventor on a US patent (#8778979) held by Yale University and a co-inventor on US Provisional Patent Application No. 047162-7177P1 (00754) filed on August 20, 2018, by Yale University Office of Cooperative Research. Yale University has a financial relationship with Janssen Pharmaceuticals and may in the future receive financial benefits from this relationship. The University has put multiple measures in place to mitigate this institutional conflict of interest. Questions about the details of these measures should be directed to Yale University’s Conflict of Interest office. Dr. Sjoerd Finnema is an employee and shareholder of Abbvie. None of the authors declare any conflicts of interest.