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Article History

Received: 9 April 2022

Revised: 3 December 2022

Accepted: 7 December 2022

First Online: 28 December 2022

Competing interests

: Dr. Desai reports serving as Principal Investigator on research grants from Bayer, Vertex, and Novartis to the Brigham & Women’s Hospital for unrelated projects. Dr. Gerhard reports grants from NIA during the conduct of the study; grants and personal fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb; personal fees from Merck, Pfizer, Lilly, IntraCellular Therapies, and Eisai. All outside the submitted work. Dr. Schneeweiss is Co-principal investigator of investigator-initiated grants to the Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Boehringer Ingelheim unrelated to the topic of this study. He is a consultant to Aetion Inc., a software manufacturer of which he owns equity. His interests were declared, reviewed, and approved by the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Partners HealthCare System in accordance with their institutional compliance policies. Dr. Kim has received research grants to the Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Pfizer, Roche, AbbVie and Bristol-Myers Squibb for unrelated topics. Dr. Horton has received research grants to Rutgers University from Danisco USA, Inc. for unrelated topics. Drs. Thambisetty, Gorospe and Anerillas are named inventors on a patent application filed by the National Institute on Aging for the use of STAT3 targeting drugs as treatments for Alzheimer’s disease. Other authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.