Garcia-Argibay, Miguel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4811-2330
Zhang-James, Yanli
Cortese, Samuele
Lichtenstein, Paul https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3037-5287
Larsson, Henrik https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6851-3297
Faraone, Stephen V.
Article History
Received: 2 August 2022
Revised: 5 December 2022
Accepted: 9 December 2022
First Online: 19 December 2022
Competing interests
: HL reported receiving grants from Shire/Takeda Pharmaceuticals during the conduct of the study; personal fees from and serving as a speaker for Shire/Takeda Pharmaceuticals and Evolan Pharma AB outside the submitted work; and sponsorship for a conference on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from Shire Pharmaceuticals outside the submitted work. In the past year, SVF received income, potential income, travel expenses continuing education support and/or research support from Aardvark, Rhodes, OnDosis, Tris, Otsuka, Arbor, Ironshore, KemPharm/Corium, Akili, Supernus, Takeda, Atentiv, Noven, Axsome and Genomind. With his institution, he has US patent US20130217707 A1 for the use of sodium-hydrogen exchange inhibitors in the treatment of ADHD. He also receives royalties from books published by Guilford Press: Straight Talk about Your Child’s Mental Health, Oxford University Press: Schizophrenia: The Facts and Elsevier: ADHD: Non-Pharmacologic Interventions. He is Program Director of and . The other authors declare no competing interests.
: The study had ethical approval from the Regional Ethical Review Board in Stockholm, Sweden (Dnr 2013/862–31/5). The requirement for informed consent was waived because the study was register-based and data on the included individuals were deidentified. The investigation conforms to the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.