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Article History

Received: 30 June 2023

Revised: 25 April 2024

Accepted: 15 May 2024

First Online: 7 June 2024

Competing interests

: AJR has received consulting fees from Compass Inc., Curbstone Consultant LLC, Emmes Corp., Evecxia Therapeutics, Inc., Holmusk, Johnson and Johnson (Janssen), Liva-Nova, Neurocrine Biosciences Inc., Otsuka-US; speaking fees from Liva-Nova, Johnson and Johnson (Janssen); and royalties from Guilford Press and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (for the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms and its derivatives). He is also named co-inventor on two patents: U.S. Patent No. 7,795,033: Methods to Predict the Outcome of Treatment with Antidepressant Medication, Inventors: McMahon FJ, Laje G, Manji H, Rush AJ, Paddock S, Wilson AS; and U.S. Patent No. 7,906,283: Methods to Identify Patients at Risk of Developing Adverse Events During Treatment with Antidepressant Medication, Inventors: McMahon FJ, Laje G, Manji H, Rush AJ, Paddock S. M.A. and G.K. are co-inventors (through Duke University/Helmholtz Zentrum München) on patents on applications of metabolomics in diseases of the central nervous system and hold equity in Chymia LLC and IP in PsyProtix and Atai that are exploring the potential for therapeutic applications targeting mitochondrial metabolism in depression. RKD is funded by National Institute on Aging [U19AG063744, U01AG061359, 1RF1AG058942, 1RF1AG057452, RF1AG051550, and R01AG046171] and National Institute of Mental Health [R01MH108348]. This funding enabled consortia that she leads including the Mood Disorder Precision Medicine Consortium, the Alzheimer’s Disease Metabolomics Consortium, and the Alzheimer Gut Microbiome Project that contributed to acylcarnitine discoveries. She is an inventor on key patents in the field of Metabolomics and hold equity in Metabolon, a biotech company in North Carolina. In addition, she holds patents licensed to Chymia LLC and PsyProtix with royalties and ownership. The funders listed above had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the paper; and decision to submit the paper for publication. BWD has received research support from Acadia, Compass, Aptinyx, NIMH, Sage, Otsuka, and Takeda, and has served as a consultant to Greenwich Biosciences, Myriad Neuroscience, Otsuka, Sage, and Sophren Therapeutics. All the other authors declare no conflict of interest.