Trudler, Dorit https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5835-3322
Ghatak, Swagata
Bula, Michael
Parker, James
Talantova, Maria
Luevanos, Melissa
Labra, Sergio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-1131
Grabauskas, Titas
Noveral, Sarah Moore
Teranaka, Mayu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4589-3370
Schahrer, Emily
Dolatabadi, Nima
Bakker, Clare
Lopez, Kevin
Sultan, Abdullah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-4391
Patel, Parth
Chan, Agnes
Choi, Yongwook
Kawaguchi, Riki
Stankiewicz, Pawel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6456-7490
Garcia-Bassets, Ivan
Kozbial, Piotr
Rosenfeld, Michael G.
Nakanishi, Nobuki
Geschwind, Daniel H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2896-3450
Chan, Shing Fai
Lin, Wei
Schork, Nicholas J.
Ambasudhan, Rajesh
Lipton, Stuart A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3490-1259
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R35 AG071734, RF1 AG057409, R01 AG056259, R01 DA048882, R01 NS086890, DP1 DA041722)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (DISC2-11070)
Autism Speaks (postdoctoral fellowship grant #11721)
Article History
Received: 11 January 2024
Revised: 13 September 2024
Accepted: 20 September 2024
First Online: 30 September 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare that S.A.L. is an inventor on worldwide patents for the use of memantine, NitroSynapsin, and related aminoadamantane and aminoadamantane nitrate drugs for neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Per Harvard University guidelines, S.A.L. participates in a royalty-sharing agreement with his former institution Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, which licensed the drug memantine (Namenda®) to Forest Laboratories/Actavis/Allergan/AbbVie, Inc. NitroSynapsin (aka EM-036) is licensed to EuMentis Therapeutics, Inc., a biotech in the Boston area for which S.A.L. served as scientific founder. The other authors declare no financial conflicts of interest. All data are available in the main text or the supplementary materials.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Accordingly, the use of human cells was approved by the institutional review boards of the Scintillon Institute and The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI; IRB-19-7428), and informed consent was obtained from all participants or their appropriate legal guardians.