Document is current

Article History

Received: 29 February 2024

Revised: 1 November 2024

Accepted: 22 November 2024

First Online: 6 December 2024

Competing interests

: Lee S. Cohen, MD – 12-month disclosures as of 11/12/2024. Research Support: Dr. Cohen is an employee of Massachusetts General Hospital and works with the MGH National Pregnancy Registry. MGH National Pregnancy Registry: Current Sponsors: Alkermes, Inc. (2016–Present); Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Inc. (2023-Present); Eisai Inc. (2022 – Present); Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. (2008-Present); Sage Therapeutics (2019–2023 & 2024–Present); Supernus Pharmaceuticals (2021–Present); Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (2018-Present). Past Sponsors: Forest/Actavis/Allergan (2016-2018, declined to sponsor: 2018-Present); Aurobindo Pharma (2020–2022, declined to sponsor: 2022–Present); AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals (2009–2014, declined to sponsor: 2014-Present); AuroMedics Pharma LLC (2021–2022, declined to sponsor: 2022-Present); Johnson & Johnson/Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc (2019–2023, declined to sponsor: 2024-Present); Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc (2009–2014, declined to sponsor: 2015-Present); Pfizer, Inc. (2009–2011, declined to sponsor: 2012-Present); Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (2011–2023, declined to sponsor: 2024-Present). Updated sponsors can be found at: . As an employee of MGH, Dr. Cohen works with the MGH CTNI and MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health, which has had research funding from multiple pharmaceutical companies and NIMH. Other research support: National Institutes of Health, Sage Therapeutics. Advisory/Consulting: None. Speaking/Honoraria: None. Marlene P. Freeman, MD – 36-month disclosures as of 11/12/2024. Research Support: Dr. Freeman is an employee of Massachusetts General Hospital and works with the MGH National Pregnancy Registry. MGH National Pregnancy Registry: Current Sponsors: Alkermes, Inc. (2016–Present); Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Inc. (2023-Present); Eisai Inc. (2022 – Present); Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. (2008–Present); Sage Therapeutics (2019–2023 & 2024-Present); Supernus Pharmaceuticals (2021-Present); Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (2018-Present). Past Sponsors: Forest/Actavis/Allergan (2016–2018, declined to sponsor: 2018-Present); Aurobindo Pharma (2020–2022, declined to sponsor: 2022–Present); AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals (2009–2014, declined to sponsor: 2014–Present); AuroMedics Pharma LLC (2021–2022, declined to sponsor: 2022–Present); Johnson & Johnson/Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc (2019–2023, declined to sponsor: 2024–Present) ; Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc (2009-2014, declined to sponsor: 2015–Present); Pfizer, Inc. (2009–2011, declined to sponsor: 2012-Present); Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (2011–2023, declined to sponsor: 2024-Present). Updated sponsors can be found at: . As an employee of MGH, Dr. Freeman works with the MGH CTNI and MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health, which has had research funding from multiple pharmaceutical companies and NIMH. Other Research Support: Sage Therapeutics, National Institute of Aging (NIA), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), consulting through CTNI. Advisory/Consulting, Data Safety Committees/Independent Data Safety and Monitoring Committees: Janssen (Johnson& Johnson), Novartis, Neurocrine; Eliem, Sage; Brainify; Everly Health; Tibi Health; Relmada; Beckley Psytech; Brii Biotech; Reunion. Speaking/Honoraria: MGH Psych Academy, WebMD, Medscape, Pri-Med, Postpartum Support International, PRIME, HMP Global, CME Institute. Miranda Arakelian, BA, Taylor R. Church, BS, Madison M. Dunk, BA, Margaret L. Gaw, BA, Hannah E. Yoon, BA, Lauren A. Kobylski, MPH, Rachel Vanderkruik, PhD MSc have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

: All study procedures were performed in accordance with The Massachusetts General Hospital Institutional Review Board’s relevant guidelines and regulations (IRB Protocol #: 2018P000886). Informed consent was obtained from all participants.