Arribas, Maite https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0182-3493
Barnby, Joseph M.
Patel, Rashmi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9259-8788
McCutcheon, Robert A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1102-2566
Kornblum, Daisy
Shetty, Hitesh
Krakowski, Kamil
Stahl, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7987-6619
Koutsouleris, Nikolaos
McGuire, Philip https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4381-0532
Fusar-Poli, Paolo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3582-6788
Oliver, Dominic https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-3407
Article History
Received: 26 April 2024
Revised: 16 December 2024
Accepted: 14 January 2025
First Online: 22 January 2025
Competing interests
: MA has been employed by F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG outside of the current study. RAM has received speaker/consultancy fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Karuna, Lundbeck, Newron, Otsuka, and Viatris, and co-directs a company that designs digital resources to support treatment of mental ill health. RP has participated in a Scientific Advisory Board for Boehringer Ingelheim, has received grant funding from Janssen, and has received consulting fees from Holmusk, Akrivia Health, Columbia Data Analytics, Clinilabs, Social Finance, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Teva and Otsuka. PFP has received research funds or personal fees from Lundbeck, Angelini, Menarini, Sunovion, Boehringer Ingelheim, Mindstrong, Proxymm Science, outside the current study.
: Permissions for the study were granted by the Oxfordshire Research Ethics Committee C; because the data set comprised deidentified data, informed consent was not required []. All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.