Jiao, Yong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3871-6234
Zhao, Kanhao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2955-0917
Wei, Xinxu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7031-3278
Carlisle, Nancy B.
Keller, Corey J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-3490
Oathes, Desmond J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7346-2669
Fonzo, Gregory A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0213-1034
Zhang, Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4087-6544
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH129694, R21MH130956, R01MH132784, R01MH125886)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG080425)
Alzheimer's Association (AARG-22-972541)
Lehigh University FIG (FIGAWD35), CORE, and Accelerator grants.
One Mind - Baszucki Brain Research Fund, the SEAL Future Foundation, and the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation.
Article History
Received: 25 September 2024
Revised: 4 March 2025
Accepted: 20 March 2025
First Online: 31 March 2025
Competing interests
: G.A.F. received monetary compensation for consulting work for SynapseBio AI and owns equity in Alto Neuroscience. C.J.K reports equity from Alto Neuroscience. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
: The EMBARC data are publicly available through the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive (NDA) (). For collecting the data, written informed consent was obtained from each participant under the Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved protocols at each of the four study sites, including University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Columbia University/Stony Brook, Massachusetts General Hospital, University of Michigan, University of Pittsburgh, and McLean Hospital. All analysis methods performed in this study were in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.