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The emergence of chronic diseases of adulthood and middle age in the young: the COIDS (chronic inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, and depressive syndromes) noxious quartet of pro-inflammatory stress outcomes

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03034-9

Published Online: 2025-05-02

Published Print: 2025-07

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Licinio, Julio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-5884
Licinio, Alice W. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6537-2801
Busnello, João Vicente https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8223-4339
Ribeiro, Luciana https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4970-8068
Gold, Philip W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2199-6076
Bornstein, Stefan R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5211-2536
Wong, Ma-Li https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1512-3073
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH126405, R01MH127423, R21MH128726, R21MH126405)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-05-02

Version of Record valid from 2025-05-02
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Article History

Received: 5 February 2023

Revised: 8 April 2025

Accepted: 15 April 2025

First Online: 2 May 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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