Kletenik, Isaiah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7706-967X
Filley, Christopher M.
Cohen, Alexander L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6557-5866
Drew, William https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9178-8731
Churchland, Patricia S.
Darby, R. Ryan
Fox, Michael D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8848-6399
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Division of Loan Repayment (L30NS134024)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH120510, R21MH126271, R01MH113929, R01MH115949)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (K23AG070320-01A1, R56AG069086)
Article History
Received: 1 July 2024
Revised: 7 May 2025
Accepted: 3 June 2025
First Online: 11 June 2025
Competing interests
: MDF is a consultant for Magnus Medical and Soterix and holds intellectual property on using connectivity imaging to guide brain stimulation. RRD served as an expert witness in a criminal case mentioned in this article; all data described in reference to this case was gathered independently by IK from publicly available resources. The other authors report no competing interests.
: The study was approved by Mass General Brigham/Partners Institutional Review Board Protocol 2020P002987 in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. We analyzed previously published, publicly available images with informed patient consent per individual journal requirements.