Liu, Qi https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2468-4972
Lai, Hua
Le, Jiao
Lan, Chunmei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6466-1217
Zhang, Xiaodong
Huang, Linghong
Xu, Dan
Jiang, Xi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0847
Li, Fei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2455-4986
Kendrick, Keith M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0371-5904
Zhao, Weihua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1780-4606
Article History
Received: 20 November 2024
Revised: 13 May 2025
Accepted: 11 June 2025
First Online: 20 June 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the latest Declaration of Helsinki. All procedures involving participants were approved by the local ethical committees of participating centers (ABIDE discovery dataset: respective local institutional review boards and ethics committees of ABIDE I and ABIDE II Consortium; UESTC validation cohort: local ethics committee at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China) and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.