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Authors
Hou, Can https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6903-6007
Liu, Haowen
Zeng, Yu
Gong, Yike
Yang, Huazhen
Ye, Weimin
Fang, Fang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3310-6456
Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5382-946X
Song, Huan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-8079
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82471535, 82404391)
1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
Sichuan Science and Technology Program
NordForsk (164218, 164218)
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Article History
Received: 22 October 2024
Revised: 17 June 2025
Accepted: 8 July 2025
First Online: 18 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The UK Biobank study has received full ethical approval from the NHS National Research Ethics Service (16/NW/0274), and all the participants provided written informed consent before data collection. The Swedish cohort study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnrs 2012/1814-31/4 and 2022-05745-02). The current study was approved by the biomedical research ethics committee of West China Hospital (2020.661). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
