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Authors
Hou, Can https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6903-6007
Liu, Haowen
Zeng, Yu
Gong, Yike
Yang, Huazhen
Ye, Weimin
Fang, Fang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3310-6456
Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5382-946X
Song, Huan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-8079
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82471535)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82404391)
1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
Sichuan Science and Technology Program
NordForsk (164218)
NordForsk (164218)
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Article History
Received: 22 October 2024
Revised: 17 June 2025
Accepted: 8 July 2025
First Online: 18 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The UK Biobank study has received full ethical approval from the NHS National Research Ethics Service (16/NW/0274), and all the participants provided written informed consent before data collection. The Swedish cohort study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnrs 2012/1814-31/4 and 2022-05745-02). The current study was approved by the biomedical research ethics committee of West China Hospital (2020.661). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
