Chen, Hazel Tingzhu https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6923-9865
Martino, Matteo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3783-707X
Dabiri, Elham
Tamara, Frans Ricardo
Sibiya, Lungile
Conio, Benedetta
Amore, Mario
Burnouf, Thierry https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0507-9243
Magioncalda, Paola https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-4819
Article History
Received: 1 August 2024
Revised: 8 July 2025
Accepted: 30 July 2025
First Online: 14 August 2025
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: All methods used in this work were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The empirical study on the relationship of temperament with intrinsic brain activity was approved by the Ethics Committee of San Martino Polyclinic Hospital (No. 82/13), and the empirical study on the relationship of temperament with neurotransmitter signaling was approved by the Joint Institutional Review Board of Taipei Medical University (N202102049). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: The authors declare no competing interests.