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Authors
Reitz, Joshua https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1041-6602
Rosoff, Daniel B.
Perlstein, Tyler
Wagner, Alexandra https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6075-6848
Jung, Jeesun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2668-5541
Wagner, Josephin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8880-5721
Reiner, Benjamin C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7796-587X
Lohoff, Falk W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0480-7755
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health …amp; Human Services | National Institutes of Health (ZIA-AA000242)
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Article History
Received: 19 December 2024
Revised: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 20 August 2025
First Online: 10 September 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study used publicly available, de-identified GWASs using participants of European, East Asian, and African ancestries (Table ). These studies had existing ethical permissions from their respective internal review boards and ethics committees. They included participant informed consent with rigorous quality control for all subjects. No additional informed consent was required in this study. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
