Lukow, Paulina B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6796-9102
Schubert, Julia J.
Severino, Mario
Knight, Samuel R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3420-3722
Kiemes, Amanda
Livingston, Nicholas R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6582-2545
Davies, James
de Micheli, Andrea
Spencer, Thomas J.
Fusar-Poli, Paolo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3582-6788
Haege, Beate
Vorontsova, Natasha
Donocik, Jacek
Rabiner, Eugenii A.
Grace, Anthony A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-5504
Williams, Steven C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4299-1941
McGuire, Philip https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4381-0532
Veronese, Mattia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3562-0683
Turkheimer, Federico E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3766-3815
Modinos, Gemma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7870-066X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (202397/Z/16/Z)
NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre
Article History
Received: 25 February 2025
Revised: 9 June 2025
Accepted: 27 August 2025
First Online: 6 September 2025
Competing interests
: AAG has received consulting fees from Alkermes, Lundbeck, Takeda, Roche, Lyra, Concert, Newron and SynAgile, and research funding from Lundbeck, Newron and Merck. EAR is a full-time employee of Invicro. MV is named as an inventor on a patent related to the use of dopaminergic imaging in mental Illness (ID: WO/2021/111116). GM has received consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and speaker fees from Johnson & Johnson.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the London/Surrey Research Ethics Committee (17/LO/1130). All participants provided written informed consent before participation.