Huang, Meiyan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2138-9580
Zhang, Xiaoling
Chen, Xiumei
Zhang, Xinyue
Zhao, Bingxin
Huang, Chao
Tian, Ting
Li, Chuang
Feng, Qianjin
Pan, Wenliang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9821-6461
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12322113, 72495122, 12288201, 82272069, 62471214)
Article History
Received: 8 July 2024
Revised: 3 August 2025
Accepted: 28 August 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The UK Biobank has approval from the North West Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee (, REC reference: 11/NW/0157). All participants gave written informed consent in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Data acquisition and analyses were conducted under UK Biobank application #68640. This study does not include any identifiable images from human research participants.
: The authors declare no competing interests.