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Authors
Chapman, George E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7874-0314
Turner, George https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5711-762X
Noar, Alexander P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2180-9792
Barba, Tommaso
Zafar, Rayyan
McCutcheon, Robert A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1102-2566
Erritzoe, David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
DH | National Institute for Health Research
Wellcome Trust (224625/Z/21/Z)
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Article History
Received: 13 December 2024
Revised: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 1 September 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Competing interests
: RAM has received speaker/consultancy fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Karuna, Lundbeck, Newron, Otsuka, and Viatris, and co-directs a company that designs digital resources to support treatment of mental ill health. DE is currently a paid scientific advisor for Aya Biosciences, Lophora ApS, Clerkenwell Health and Mindstate Design Lab. GEC, GT, APN, TB and RZ have declared no relevant conflicts of interest.
: Ethical approval was not sought or required, as this review solely included previously published, publicly available data.
