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Authors
Wu, Jia-Yi
Li, Yu-Zhu
Zhang, Dan-Dan
Gao, Pei-Yang https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7559-1215
Fu, Yan
Zhang, Wei
Feng, Jian-Feng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5987-2258
Zhang, Ya-Ru
Cheng, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1118-1743
Yu, Jin-Tai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-383X
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Article History
Received: 2 November 2024
Revised: 14 August 2025
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 20 September 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the UK Biobank which has ethical approval by the National Research Ethics Service (ref. 11/NW/0382). All participants provided informed consent for the study via a touch-screen interface that required agreement for all individual statements on the consent form as well as the participant’s signature on an electronic pad.
