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Authors
Runia, N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4611-261X
van de Mortel, L. A.
Smith, C. L. C.
Bergfeld, I. O. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0601-7271
de Kwaasteniet, B. P.
Luigjes, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9395-9426
van Laarhoven, J.
Notten, P.
Beute, G.
van den Munckhof, P.
Schuurman, P. R.
Denys, D. A. J. P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3191-3844
van Wingen, G. A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3076-5891
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
ZonMw (171201008)
ZonMw (171201008)
ZonMw (171201008)
ZonMw (171201008)
ZonMw (171201008)
ZonMw (171201008)
ZonMw (171201008)
ZonMw (171201008)
ZonMw (171201008)
ZonMw (171201008)
ZonMw (171201008)
ZonMw (171201008)
ZonMw (171201008)
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Article History
Received: 7 December 2023
Revised: 1 September 2025
Accepted: 23 September 2025
First Online: 1 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: This investigator-initiated study was funded by Medtronic Inc (25 DBS systems, in kind) and a grant from ZonMw (nr. 171201008). The funders had no role in the design, execution, and analysis of the study, nor in writing of the manuscript or the decision to publish. Nora Runia, Isidoor Bergfeld, Pepijn van den Munckhof, P. Richard Schuurman, Damiaan Denys, and Guido van Wingen currently execute an investigator-initiated clinical trial on deep brain stimulation for depression, which is funded by Boston Scientific (24 DBS systems in kind) and a grant of ZonMw (nr. 636310016). P. Richard Schuurman acts as consultant for Boston Scientific and Medtronic on educational events. All other authors do not declare any conflicts of interest.
