Lieslehto, Johannes https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6030-0249
Tiihonen, Jari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0400-6798
Lähteenvuo, Markku https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7244-145X
Kautzky, Alexander
Akhtar, Aemal
Amin, Ridwanul
Ármannsdóttir, Bergný
Leucht, Stefan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4934-4352
Correll, Christoph U.
Mittendorfer-Rutz, Ellenor
Tanskanen, Antti
Taipale, Heidi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3281-934X
Article History
Received: 10 April 2025
Revised: 22 September 2025
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 23 October 2025
Competing interests
: JT, HT, and AT participated in research projects funded by grants from Janssen-Cilag to their employing institution. JL owns shares for the publicly traded companies Orion, Aiforia, and Optomed. JT has been a consultant and/or advisor to and/or received honoria and/or support for attending meetings from Healthcare Global Village, HLS Therapeutics, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Orion Pharma, Otsuka, Teva, and WebMD Global. HTs report personal fees from Gedeon Richter, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck and Otsuka. ML is a board member of Genomi Solutions Ltd. and Springflux Ltd. and has received honoraria from Sunovion, Orion Pharma, Camurus, Lundbeck, Otsuka Pharma, Recordati, Janssen and Janssen-Cilag and research funding from the Finnish Cultural Foundation and the Emil Aaltonen Foundation. CUC has been a consultant and/or advisor to or has received honoraria from AbbVie, Acadia, Adock Ingram, Alkermes, Allergan, Angelini, Aristo, Biogen, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Cardio Diagnostics, Cerevel, CNX Therapeutics, Compass Pathways, Darnitsa, Denovo, Gedeon Richter, Hikma, Holmusk, IntraCellular Therapies, Jamjoom Pharma, Janssen/J&J, Karuna, and Luxbeck, MedAvante-ProPhase, MedInCell, Merck, Mindpax, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Mylan, Neurocrine, Neurelis, Newron, Noven, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, Pharmabrain, PPD Biotech, Recordati, Relmada, Reviva, Rovi, Sage, Seqirus, SK Life Science, Sumitomo Pharma America, Sunovion, Sun Pharma, Supernus, Takeda, Teva, Tolmar, Vertex, and Viatris. He provided expert testimony for Janssen and Otsuka. He served on a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Compass Pathways, Denovo, Lundbeck, Relmada, Reviva, Rovi, Supernus, Teva and Xenon. He has received grant support from Janssen and Takeda. He received royalties from UpToDate and is also a stock option holder for Cardio Diagnostics, Kuleon Biosciences, LB Pharma, MindLink, Mindpax, Terran and Quantic. SL has received honoraria as an advisor and/or for lectures and/or for educational material from Alkermes, Angelini, Apsen, Eisai, Gedeon Richter, Janssen, Karuna, Kynexis, Lundbeck, Medichem, Medscape, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Mitshubishi, Neurotorium, NovoNordisk, Otsuka, Recordati, Roche, Rovi, Sanofi Aventis, and TEVA. JL owns shares for Orion. The other coauthors report no conflicts of interest.