Li, Huihong https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4572-7176
Xie, Zhiran https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2235-6822
Tian, Yuxuan
Zhou, Ruoyin
Yang, Yaxi
Lin, Bingying
Chen, Si
Wu, Jie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6039-9119
Deng, Zihan
Li, Jianwei
Chen, Mingjie
Liu, Xueke
Sun, Yushan
Wei, Naili
Huang, Bing https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5138-1446
Ji, Xiaoyu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4622-0618
Article History
Received: 25 May 2025
Revised: 24 September 2025
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 26 October 2025
Competing interests
: The author declares no competing interests.
: This study analyzed publicly available datasets derived from multiple prior studies in which informed consent was obtained from all participants under the original institutional review board approvals. As our research involved secondary analysis of existing de-identified data without direct human subject interaction, additional ethical approval was not required.