Luethi, Dino https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-4875
Glatfelter, Grant C.
Pottie, Eline https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9077-4055
Sellitti, Francesca
Maitland, Alexander D.
Gonzalez, Nicholas R.
Kryszak, Lindsay A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1901-6024
Jackson, Shelley N.
Hoener, Marius C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6510-6250
Stove, Christophe P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7126-348X
Liechti, Matthias E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1765-9659
Smieško, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2758-2680
Baumann, Michael H.
Simmler, Linda D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3512-4057
Rudin, Deborah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3069-9732
Funding for this research was provided by:
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (P5R5PM_206796)
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (TMSGI3_211261)
Universiteit Gent (BOF23/PDO/073)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA000522–16)
Article History
Received: 3 September 2024
Revised: 24 September 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Competing interests
: MCH is an employee of F. Hoffmann-La Roche; MEL is a consultant for Mind Medicine, Inc. The other authors do not have any conflicts of interest to declare for this study.
: Animal studies were approved by the NIDA IRP Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol # 23-OSD-37) or the Cantonal Veterinary Office Basel-Stadt (license # 3213_36052).