Cai, Aoling
Yang, Jingyu
Guo, Huiling
Dong, Shuai
Zhao, Tongtong
Zhou, Wenjie
Hou, Mengdi
Zheng, Junjie
Liu, Juan
Tang, Yanqing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1331-4936
Zhu, Rongxin
Ni, Xinye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2402-9719
Zhang, Xizhe
Gong, Xiaohong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9730-8815
Wang, Fei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7650-6345
Article History
Received: 8 October 2024
Revised: 26 September 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 6 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors affirm that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation, as well as with the latest Declaration of Helsinki. All procedures involving participants were approved by the local ethics committees of participating centers. For Cohort1, approval was granted by the ethics committee of China Medical University First Hospital (Approval No. [2012]25–1). For Cohort2, approval was granted by the ethics committee of Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Brain Hospital (Approval No. 2020-KY027-01).