De Simone, Giuseppe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0422-3415
De Prisco, Michele https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-1181
Oliva, Vincenzo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5961-6032
Vellucci, Licia
Ciccarelli, Mariateresa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8944-414X
Mazza, Benedetta
Fico, Giovanna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1785-7126
Fornaro, Michele https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-0853
Iasevoli, Felice https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7051-5013
Vieta, Eduard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0548-0053
de Bartolomeis, Andrea https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3188-5652
Article History
Received: 4 August 2025
Revised: 12 October 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Competing interests
: EV has received grants and served as consultant, advisor or CME speaker for the following entities: AB-Biotics, Abbott, AbbVie, Adamed, Adium, Alcediag, Angelini, Biogen, Beckley-Psytech, Biohaven, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Casen-Recordati, Celon Pharma, Compass, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Esteve, Ethypharm, Ferrer, Gedeon Richter, GH Research, Glaxo-Smith Kline, HMNC, Intra-Cellular therapies, Idorsia, Johnson & Johnson, Lundbeck, Luye Pharma, Medincell, Merck, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Newron, Novartis, Organon, Orion Corporation, Otsuka, Roche, Rovi, Sage, Sanofi-Aventis, Sunovion, Takeda, Teva, and Viatris, outside the submitted work. AdB has received research support from Janssen, Lundbeck, and Otsuka and lecture fees for unrestricted educational meeting from Chiesi, Lundbeck, Roche, Sunovion, Viatris, HIKMA, Tabuk, Recordati, Angelini, Gedeon RIchter and Takeda; he has served on advisory boards for Eli Lilly, Jansen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Roche, Takeda, Chiesi, Recordati, Angelini, Viatris, Newron, Gedeon Richter. No one of the above competing interest is related directly or indirectly to the work here presented. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare with referenced to the present work.