Koch, Elise https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3727-4470
Puusepp, Tuuli
Einarsson, Guðmundur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-2339
Mitchell, Brittany L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9050-1516
Harder, Arvid
Lin, Yuhao
García-Marín, Luis M.
Krebs, Kristi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2751
Shadrin, Alexey A.
Xiong, Ying https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-014X
,
Metspalu, Andres
Esko, Tõnu
Mägi, Reedik
Nelis, Mari
Hudjashov, Georgi
Frei, Oleksandr https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6427-2625
Lu, Yi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9933-3654
Hägg, Sara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-1500
Rentería, Miguel E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4626-7248
Medland, Sarah E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1382-380X
Wray, Naomi R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7421-3357
Martin, Nicholas G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4069-8020
Hübel, Christopher
Breen, Gerome https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2053-1792
Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5149-7040
Stefánsson, Hreinn https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9331-6666
Stefánsson, Kári https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1676-864X
Lehto, Kelli
Milani, Lili https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5323-3102
Andreassen, Ole A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4461-3568
O’Connell, Kevin S.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Vetenskapsrådet (2021-02615_VR)
Vetenskapsrådet (2021-02732)
EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (964874)
Norges Forskningsråd (296030)
Norges Forskningsråd (223273)
Article History
Received: 8 November 2024
Revised: 6 October 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Competing interests
: Dr. Andreassen reported grants from Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen, South-East Regional Health Authority, Research Council of Norway, and European Union’s Horizon 2020 during the conduct of the study; personal fees from cortechs.ai (stock options), Lundbeck (speaker’s honorarium), and Sunovion (speaker’s honorarium) and Janssen (speaker’s honorarium) outside the submitted work.