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Authors
Martín Echave, Marta https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4922-4136
Schnack, Hugo G.
Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8538-3175
Pina-Camacho, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1960-6443
Janssen, Niels
Gordaliza, Pedro M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5305-3104
Kho, Kuan H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1834-0922
Buimer, Elizabeth E. L.
van Haren, Neeltje E. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3090-7653
Cahn, Wiepke
Kahn, René S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5909-8004
Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E.
Arango, Celso https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3382-4754
Janssen, Joost https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7613-2067
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness | Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI16/02012, PI17/01249, PI17/00997, PI19/01024, PI20/00721, PI22/01824, PI22/01621, PI23/00625)
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Article History
Received: 14 January 2025
Revised: 2 October 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 23 November 2025
Competing interests
: No authors declare any competing financial interests in relation to the work described. Dr. Díaz-Caneja has received honoraria from Angelini and Viatris. Dr. Arango has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Acadia, Angelini, Gedeon Richter, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Roche, Sage, Servier, Shire, Schering-Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion, and Takeda. Dr. Cahn has received unrestricted research grants from or served as an independent symposium speaker or consultant for Eli Lilly, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lundbeck, Sanofi-Aventis, Janssen-Cilag, AstraZeneca, and Schering-Plough. The other authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All sites obtained local institutional review board approval. Written informed consent was obtained from every participant, or from the participant’s guardian for minors. All studies were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
