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Authors
Li, Qiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5337-0676
Liu, Jingyu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1724-7523
Pearlson, Godfrey D.
Chen, Jiayu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5059-372X
Wang, Yu-Ping https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9340-5864
Turner, Jessica A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0076-8434
Calhoun, Vince D.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (2112455)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01MH123610, R01MH119251)
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Article History
Received: 22 January 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study utilized data from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (BSNIP) dataset [ , ]. All data used were previously collected and fully de-identified in accordance with the ethical standards set by the original data-collecting institutions. The BSNIP study received approval from the institutional review boards (IRBs) of all participating sites, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants at the time of data collection. The current analysis was conducted using only de-identified data and did not involve any direct interaction with human participants.
