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Authors
Dobrosavljevic, Maja https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3887-9669
Landén, Mikael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-6451
Brikell, Isabell
Chang, Zheng
Kuja-Halkola, Ralf https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3765-2067
Lichtenstein, Paul https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3037-5287
Andell, Pontus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2759-1379
Andreassen, Ole A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4461-3568
Bauer, Michael
Corcoy, Rosa
de Girolamo, Giovanni https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1611-8324
Reif, Andreas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0992-634X
Larsson, Henrik
Garcia‑Argibay, Miguel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4811-2330
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Article History
Received: 16 February 2025
Revised: 12 November 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Competing interests
: ML has received lecture honoraria from Lundbeck pharmaceuticals, outside the submitted work. ZC received speaker fees from Takeda Pharmaceuticals, outside the submitted work. OAA is consultant to Precision Health AS and Cortechs, and has received speakers honorarium from Lundbeck, Janssen, Otsuka and Lilly. AR has received honoraria for lectures and/or advisory boards from Janssen, Boehringer Ingelheim, COMPASS, SAGE/Biogen, LivaNova, Medice, Shire/Takeda, MSD and cyclerion. Also, he has received research grants from Medice and Janssen, all outside the submitted work. HL reports receiving grants from Shire Pharmaceuticals; personal fees from and serving as a speaker for Medice, Shire/Takeda Pharmaceuticals and Evolan Pharma AB; and sponsorship for a conference on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from Shire/Takeda Pharmaceuticals and Evolan Pharma AB, all outside the submitted work. HL is editor-in-chief of JCPP Advances. All other authors declare no competing interests.
: This project was reviewed and approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2020-06540; 2022-06204-02). The requirement for informed consent is waived for anonymised register-based research according to Swedish law. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
