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Authors
He, Helen
Cathomas, Flurin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8274-1317
Parise, Lyonna F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7527-8977
David, Eden
Rizk, Mina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1884-4247
Hawkins, Kelly
Karpman, Elizabeth
Russo, Scott J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6470-1805
Guttman, Emma
Murrough, James W. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6286-1242
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Charles A. Dana Foundation
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Article History
Received: 30 July 2024
Revised: 27 August 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 11 February 2026
Competing interests
: H.H. has received a research grant (awarded to the institution) from Clinique. In the past 24 months, J.W.M. has provided paid consultation services for Autobahn Therapeutics, Inc., Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cliniclabs, Inc., Clexio Biosciences, Ltd., Compass Pathfinder, Plc., Dr Jay, Frontier Pharma, LLC, HMP Collective, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, LivaNova, Plc., Merck & Co., Inc., Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Ltd, WCG Clinical, Inc., and Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. E.G.Y has received research grants (awarded to the institution) from and/or is a consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim, Leo Pharma, Pfizer, Cara Therapeutics, UCB, Kyowa Kirin, RAPT, Amgen, GSK, Incyte, Sanofi, Bristol Meyers Squibb, Aslan, Regeneron, Anaptysbio, Concert, Abbvie, Almirall, Apogee Therapeutics, Apollo Therapeutics Limited, Artax Biopharma Inc., AstraZeneca, Centrexion Therapeutics Corporation, Connect Biopharm, Coty, Eli Lilly, Enveda Biosciences, EscientPharmaceuticals, Inc., Fairmount Funds Management LLC, FL2022-001, Inc., Galderma, Gate Bio, Google Ventures (GV)Immunology, Horizon Therapeutics USA, Inc., Inmagene, Janssen Biotech, Japan Tobacco, Jasper Therapeutics, Merck, Nektar Therapeutics, Novartis Pharmaceuticals. Corporation, NUMAB Therapeutics AG, OrbiMed Advisors LLC, OTSUKA, Pharmaxis Ltd, Pioneering Medicine VII, Inc., Proteologix US Inc, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, RibonTherapeutics, Inc., SATO, Schrödinger, Inc., Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company (SPARC), and Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc. The rest of the authors declare no conflict of interest.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to any study procedures. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. All study procedures and methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including Good Clinical Practice and the Declaration of Helsinki.
