Gong, Jessica https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6027-7640
Scholes, Shaun
Cole, Steven
Zaninotto, Paola https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3036-0499
Steptoe, Andrew https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7808-4943
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R01AG17644)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R01AG17644)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R01AG17644)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R01AG17644)
DH | National Institute for Health Research (198/1074-02)
DH | National Institute for Health Research (198/1074-02)
DH | National Institute for Health Research (198/1074-02)
DH | National Institute for Health Research (198/1074-02)
Article History
Received: 3 April 2025
Revised: 10 November 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 15 December 2025
Competing interests
: Olink played no part in designing the study or analyzing the data. No conflicts of interest to be declared by any of the authors.