Hearne, Luke J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2014-1148
Yeo, B. T. Thomas
Webb, Lachlan
Zalesky, Andrew https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2298-9908
Fitzgerald, Paul B.
Murphy, Oscar W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-9616
Tian, Ye Ella https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3107-5550
Breakspear, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4943-3969
Hall, Caitlin V.
Choi, Sunah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5666-3485
Kim, Minah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8668-0817
Kwon, Jun Soo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1060-1462
Cocchi, Luca
Funding for this research was provided by:
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1194070)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1118153)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (1193596)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (GN2001283)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT2027597)
MOH | National Medical Research Council (OFLCG19May-0035)
Article History
Received: 14 October 2024
Revised: 10 November 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 14 December 2025
Competing interests
: L.C., L.J.H, and A.Z. are involved in a clinical neuromodulation centre (Queensland Neurostimulation Centre [QNC] as trading for Australian Brain Foundation) that offers neuroimaging-guided neurotherapeutics. LJH, AZ, and LC are not paid by QNC. This centre had no role in this study. L.C. serves as a co-inventor on a patent application by the National University of Singapore that covers neuroimaging-based personalised TMS. LC, LJH, and AZ are also involved in the development of imaging-based personalized TMS for depression with ANT Neuro. The provisional patent and ANT Neuro products are not directly related to this work. In the last 3 years PBF has received equipment for research from Neurosoft and Nexstim. He has served on a scientific advisory board for Magstim and received speaker fees from Otsuka. He has also acted as a founder and board member for TMS Clinics Australia and Resonance Therapeutics. BTTY holds shares and is a co-founder of B1neuro. The content in this manuscript is unrelated to the activities of B1neuro.