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Authors
Hu, Yuanyuan
Tang, Yancheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4256-2525
Li, Wei
Zheng, Dang
Jin, Yuening https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9611-4253
Fan, Qingchen
Buitelaar, Jan K.
Zhou, Yuan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-1711
Chen, Zhiyi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1744-4647
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32300907)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72033006)
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Article History
Received: 21 June 2025
Revised: 6 November 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 8 January 2026
Competing interests
: Authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments (most recently, the 2013 revision). The study protocol and analytic pipeline were officially approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Institute of Psychology (Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, #H20037) and the IRB of the Faculty of Psychology (Southwest University, China, #H24121). Informed consent was obtained from all the human participants prior to their involvement in the study. This study does not involve any other live vertebrates (animals).
