Oh, Seo-Jin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2731-1696
Jang, Jin-hyeok
Roussarie, Jean-Pierre https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-6046
Jang, Gyeong-un https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8284-9867
Jeong, Min-seok
Jo, Yeon Suk
Shin, Chang-Hoon
Choi, Hongsoo
Lee, Kwang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2689-0350
Yoon, Jong Hyuk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4090-3832
Oh, Yong-Seok https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9039-2014
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (2021R1A2C1009454)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2024-00415347)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2021-NR057193)
DGIST R&D program of the ministry of Science and ICT
Ministry of Education (2020R1I1A1A0107023611)
Ministry of Education (RS-2023-00237235)
Ministry of Education (2020R1A6A1A03040516)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (1RF1AG047779)
Article History
Received: 30 May 2025
Revised: 22 December 2025
Accepted: 25 January 2026
First Online: 3 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and complied with relevant national and institutional guidelines. Experimental protocols were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (IACUC #20011503-03) and the Rockefeller University (IACUC #14686-H).