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Authors
Feng, Guozheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6937-8592
Wang, Kexin
Wang, Yichen
Ma, Guolin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4044-025X
Cheng, Jian
Calhoun, Vince D.
Wang, Kai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-914X
Ji, Gong-Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-5534
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Revised: 12 December 2025
Accepted: 25 January 2026
First Online: 4 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This research used publicly available, de-identified human data from the HCP-D study ( ), which was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The HCP-D study received approval from the Institutional Review Board at Washington University in St. Louis (IRB #201603135). All participants, or their parents for those under 18 years of age, provided written informed consent and assent. The research did not include identifiable images of human participants.
