Olfson, Mark https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3958-5662
McClellan, Chandler https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9439-9002
Zuvekas, Samuel H.
Blanco, Carlos https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6187-3057
Article History
Received: 23 July 2025
Revised: 17 January 2026
Accepted: 18 February 2026
First Online: 23 February 2026
Competing interests
: Drs. Olfson, McClellan, Zuvekas, and Blanco have no conflicts of interest to declare.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) procedures were reviewed and approved by the Westat IRB, established under a multi-project assurance (MPA M-1531) granted by the Office for Protection from Research Risks, (OPRR). Participation in MEPS is voluntary, and participants are informed about the survey and provide informed consent in accordance with IRB-approved procedures.