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Authors
Cheng, Bolun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2915-5535
Cheng, Shiqiang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8427-0312
Pan, Chuyu
Wei, Wenming
Feng, Jin
Qi, Xin
Zhao, Boyue
Wen, Yan
Zhang, Feng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5254-2264
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (2021JCW-08)
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Article History
Received: 3 August 2025
Revised: 28 January 2026
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 21 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations (AJ-checklist). UK Biobank received ethical approval from the North-West Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee (REC reference: 11/NW/03820). All participants gave written informed consent in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study does not include any identifiable images from human research participants.
