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Authors
Zhao, Guorui https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3097-3797
Sun, Yaoyao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8096-3568
Lu, Zhe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1922-6686
Kang, Zhewei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3722-3713
Yu, Tong
Zhang, Yuyanan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0474-1135
Sun, Junyuan
Guo, Jing https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1919-2425
Feng, Xiaoyang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1065-8597
Yuan, Rui
Zhu, Yunqing
Yang, Yang
Cui, Mingrui
Yue, Weihua https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1201-8465
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Article History
Received: 16 September 2025
Revised: 7 February 2026
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 21 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All studies were approved by the institutional ethics review boards. The discovery cohort was approved by the ethics committees at each participating site, Peking University Sixth Hospital, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Beijing Anding Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University, and Beijing Huilongguan Hospital. The validation cohort was approved by the ethics committees of Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing Anding Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Shandong Mental Health Center, Henan Mental Health Center, and Xiamen Xianyue Hospital. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
