Klugah-Brown, Benjamin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3946-9557
Li, Yuan
Wu, Hao
Yang, Zhenzhen
Hagan, Abraham Tonny
Agoalikum, Elijah
Wang, Pan
Biswal, Bharat B.
Funding for this research was provided by:
The China MOST2030 Brain Projec
Article History
Received: 21 November 2024
Revised: 27 January 2026
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures were conducted in accordance with relevant institutional guidelines and applicable regulations. The present study involved secondary analyses of previously published and publicly available datasets. For the Single Dose Intranasal Oxytocin Administration (SDIOA) dataset, ethical approval was granted by the University of Florida Institutional Review Board (IRB #39–2013), approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (IND 100,860), and pre-registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01823146). For the Nathan Kline Institute/Rockland Sample (NKI) dataset, Institutional Review Board approval was obtained at the Nathan Kline Institute (Phase I #226781; Phase II #239708) and at Montclair State University (Phase I #000983 A; Phase II #000983B). Written informed consent was obtained from all adult participants. No identifiable participant images are included in this manuscript.