Lo, Heidi Ka Ying https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-5230
Chu, Ivan Wai Lok
Chan, Joe Kwun Nam
Wong, Corine Sau Man https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3363-1004
Chang, Wing Chung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3581-8895
Funding for this research was provided by:
Food and Health Bureau of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region | Health and Medical Research Fund (21222111)
Article History
Received: 7 August 2025
Revised: 27 January 2026
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 25 March 2026
Statement of ethics
: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Hong Kong/Hospital Authority HK-West Cluster (UW 23-540). Since study data were anonymized and individual patient records were completely unidentifiable during the analysis, and the study was based on retrieved public health-record database, the requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board. The study was conducted in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.
: The authors declare no competing interests.