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: Ingrid Agartz acknowledges the Research Council of Norway (grant 223272), South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, The Swedish Research Council, and Karolinska Institutet; Ole Andreassen has received grants 223273 and 283798 from the Research Council of Norway as well as grants from K. G. Jebsen Stiftelsen and UiO: Life Science; Inmaculada Baeza acknowledges Instituto de Salud Carlos III (INT19/00021) for her support. IB, AF and JCP would like to thank ISCIII (PI11/1349, PI15/0444, PI180242), “Una manera de hacer Europa”; Stefan Borgwardt has received grants from the SYNSCHIZ project under the ERA-NET Horizon 2020 program; Tiziano Colibazzi has received grants 5T32MH15144 and K23 MH85063 from the National Institute of Mental Health as well as grants from the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, Sackler Institute, Herbert Irving Scholar Award, and Columbia University Bodini Fellowship; Cheryl Corcoran is supported by R01MH107558 and R01MH115332 from the National Institutes of Health; Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval is supported by grants 261895 and 320662 from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), grants from CONACyT’s Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SNI), and grant R21 MH117434 from the National Institutes of Health; Bjørn Ebdrup has received personal fees for serving on advisory boards from Eli Lilly Denmark, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, and Takeda and has received lecture fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, Otsuka Pharma Scandinavia, Eli Lilly and Company, Boehringer Ingelheim Denmark, and Lundbeck; Birte Yding Glenthøj is supported by the Lundbeck Foundation Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research; Louise Birkedal Glenthøj is supported by the TrygFoundation; the Danish Research Council on Independent Research; the Lundbeck Foundation Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS; Shalaila Haas is supported by NIH National Institute of Mental Health, grant T32MH122394 Rebecca Hayes has received grants from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Christine Hooker is supported by grant R01 MH105246 from the National Institutes of Health; Michael Kaess has received grants from German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Swiss National Science Foundation, German Research Foundation, Dietmar Hopp Foundation, Baden-Wuerttemberg Foundation, and National Health, Medical and Research Council; Kiyoto Kasai and Shinsuke Koike have received support from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) under Grant Number JP18dm0307001, JP18dm0307004, and JP19dm0207069, and JST Moonshot R&D (JPMJMS2021); Minah Kim has received grant 2019R1C1C1002457 from the National Research Foundation of Korea and grant 21-BR-03-01 from the KBRI basic research program through Korea Brain Research Institute, funded by the Ministry of Science & ITC; Jochen Kindler has received grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation and Lundbeck Foundation; Tina Kristensen is supported by a Brain and Behavior Research Foundation 2021 NARSAD Young Investigator Grant (ID 30112); Jun Soo Kwon has received grant 2020M3E5D9079910 from the National Research Foundation of Korea and grant 21-BR-03-01 from the KBRI basic research program through Korea Brain Research Institute, funded by the Ministry of Science & ITC; Jimmy Lee has received grant NMRC/TCR/003/2008 from the National Medical Research Council Translational and Clinical Research Flagship Programme; Ashleigh Lin is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Emerging Leadership Fellowship 2010063; Rachel Loewy has received grants K23MH086618 and R01MH081051 from the National Institute of Mental Health; Daniel Mathalon has received grants from the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation and grant R01 MH076989 from the National Institute of Mental Health; Patrick McGorry has received multiple grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council; Takahiro Nemoto has received grants from Otsuka; Francisco Reyes-Madrigal was supported by grants from SNI; Wulf Rössler has received grants from the Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services; Daiki Sasabayashi has received grant JP18K15509 and JP22K15745 from the JSPS KAKENHI; Ulrich Schall has received grant 569259 from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia; Gisela Sugranyes is supported by the Fundació Clínic Recerca Biomèdica, the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (NARSAD Young Investigator Award 2017, grant ID: 26731), the Alicia Koplowitz Foundation and the Spanish Ministry of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III “Health Research Fund” (PI15/0444; PI18/0242; PI18/00976; PI2100330); Tsutomu Takahashi is supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18K07550; Christian Tamnes is supported by the Research Council of Norway (#223273, #288083, #323951) and the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (#2019069, #2021070, #2023012, #500189); Jinsong Tang has received grant 81871057 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Jordina Tor has received grants PI11/02684 and PI15/00509 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Peter Uhlhaas has received grant MR/L011689/1 from the UK Medical Research Council; James Waltz has received grant 5R01MH115031 from the National Institute of Mental Health; Lars Westlye has received European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program grant 802998 from the European Research Council; Stephen Wood has received grant 566529 and a Clinical Career Development Award (359223) from the National Health and Medical Research Council; Alison Yung has received multiple grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council; Juan Zhou has received grants from the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine at the National University of Singapore; Paolo Fusar-Poli has received grant UK G0700995 from the UK Medical Research Council; Romina Mizrahi has received grants R01MH100043 and R01MH113564 from the National Institute of Mental Health and grants from the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation and Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Vanessa Cropley has received investigator grant 1177370 and project grant 1065742 from the National Health and Medical Research Council; Paul Thompson is supported in part by NIH grants R01MH123163, R01MH121246, and R01MH116147. Core funding for ENIGMA was provided by the NIH Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) program under consortium grant U54 EB020403 to PMT; Maria Jalbrzikowski is supported by NIMH grants K01MH112774 and R01MH129636.

: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All sites obtained local institutional review board approval. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the Boston Children’s Hospital also approved the ENIGMA-CHR Repository (IRB-P00043549). Written informed consent was obtained from every participant, or from the participant’s guardian for minors. All studies were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki [ ].

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