Cui, Lei https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3679-4569
Kurganov, Erkin
Hawes, Derek
Hornauer, Philipp https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2265-6679
Lin, Raozhou https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1066-8464
Wang, Yining
Hierlemann, Andreas
Sheng, Morgan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8703-5366
Nehme, Ralda https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-3311
Pan, Jen Q. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0767-086X
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (S10MH133644)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (MH131719)
Broad Institute | Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute (RN)
Article History
Received: 21 July 2025
Revised: 13 February 2026
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 15 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. This study did not involve human participants or live vertebrate animals. Human induced pluripotent stem cells used in this study were obtained from commercial sources. The providers of these cell lines certify that all samples were collected with appropriate ethical approval and informed consent from donors, in compliance with applicable regulations. Therefore, approval from an ethics committee was not required for this study. Consent to participate is not applicable, as no human participants were directly involved in this research.