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Authors
Liu, Qi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4008-2226
Zhang, Jiawei
Duan, Xinyu
Zhang, Ping
Yang, Yang
Yao, Guanzhong
Jiaerheng, Bulideerqing
Shou, Xiao-Jing
He, Yong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7039-2850
Han, Kaiyue https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5224-9254
Jia, Meixiang
Wang, Lifang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0326-9235
Gong, Weijun
Xie, Wuxiang
Sun, Kai
Wang, Danhong https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5239-6188
Wu, Xiao-Dan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0812-7546
Cao, Hua
Zhang, Hao
Liu, Hesheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-1509
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Article History
Received: 11 October 2025
Revised: 1 March 2026
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 15 April 2026
Competing interests
: Dr. H. Liu receives compensation from Neural Galaxy, Inc., for consulting services. P. Zhang is an employee of the company, which was not a sponsor of this study. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.
: Participation recruitment and data collection have started in June 2022. This study has been approved by Institutional Review Board (IRB) at China Rehabilitation Research Center (22-005-5) and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital (2023-lunshen-104). This study was performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations where all participants or their legal guardians signed written informed consent. Data collection is completed by March 2024.
